Windmill.



No. 662,|66. Patented Nov. 2U, |900.

J. CALDER,

WlNDMILL.

(Appucazion med one. 15, 1s9s.|

(No Model.)

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W MM,

THE Norws PETERS co. morn-uma. wnsmmsvow4 D c Vthrough a slot b in the sleeve B.

Nrrnn rArES MATENT OFFICE.

JAMES cALDER, or OARLUKE, CANADA.

Wl N D Nl I L L.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 662,166, dated November 20, 1900.

Application led October l5, 1898. Serial No. 693,618. (No model.)

To all whom t may concern/.-

Be it known that I, JAMES OALDER, farmer, of the village of Carluke, in the county of Wentworth, in the Province of Ontario, Canada, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Windmills, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to regulating devices for windmills, and it includes the arrangement to be hereinafter described and particu* larly pointed out in the claims.

Figure l is a perspective view of my windmill complete, the standard supporting the same being shown in dotted lines. Fig. 2 is an enlarged detail of the adjusting device to set the wheelin motion. Fig. 3 is an enlarged detail showing the means for connecting the wings to the adjacent rim.

In the drawings like characters of reference indicate corresponding parts in each igure.

A is the turn-table at the top of the standard of the wind mill, which standard is shown in dotted lines.

B is a disk which is supported centrally on the turn-table and is provided with a central sleeve B.

C is an inner sleeve which is provided at the upper end with an arm c, extending The lower end of the sleeve has connected to it a grooved collar d, around vwhich lits the rim d of the bracket D. The upper end of the bracket D is turned so as to wind the sleeve B' and hold the bracket, so that it can be moved freely vertically.

E is a rod connected to the bottom end of the bracket D.

F is an arched standard secured upon the top of the disk B.

G G are side bars securely bolted to the standard F intermediate of their length, and being bent inwardly at the wheel end to hold the bearings g g. The opposite end of the bars G G are bent outwardly and connected by the rods g to the ends of the bars extending through the wheel.

G is a double bar provided with flaring ends, which are securely bolted to the bar G, as shown. The double bar G' is also securely bolted at the opposite end to the vane H, and

braces g2 g2 are provided connecting this latL ter end with the outwardly-turned end of the bars G G, hereinbefore referred to.

I is the main driving-shaft, which extends up through the sleeves B and C and is supported at the lower end in suitable bearings and at the upper end in the bearing I', secured within the double standard F. At the top of the shaft I, I provide a bevel-pinion J, which meshes with a bevel-wheel K, secured on the end of the sleeve lo, which is journaled in the bearings gg, hereinbefore referred to.

L is a lever pivoted in the loop Z, held by the bolt l beneath the arch of the standard F. One end of the lever L is connected by the rod Z2 to the stem of the vane, the rod extending between the double bars of the stem and being held in position by the nut Z3. The other end of the lever L is bent, as shown, and pivotally connected to the double links 4, which are themselves pivotally connected at the bottom to the side bars G G.

M is a hollow truncated cone having a hub m by which it is secured to the sleeve k. The truncated cone M has attached to or forming part of same at the larger end the radial arms m', to which are secured the extension-arms m2. The arms m2 have secured toward the inner end thereof the rim 2 by brackets 3 or in any suitable like device. At the outer ends of the arms m2 is secured the outer rim 4 by brackets 5 or any suitable like arrangement.

6 represents the sails of the windmill,which are suitably pivoted on the center line thereof inthe rims 2 and 4 by the trunnions 7 and 8.

9 represents braces secured at one end to the arms and at the other end to a collar l0,secured to the sleeve la.

At the bottom edge of the sails I secure a substantially Z-shaped bracket N, the center of which is secured to the sail and the ends of which have secured on or forming part of them the bars n n', having bent ends, as shown.

Pivoted in the bent ends of the bracket n I provide an eye-rod n, having the eye at the inner end and a split pin n3 extending through the outer end to hold it in position.

O and O are bolts having one-sided heads. The end of the bolt O extends through the IOO head of the bolt O' and the end of the bolt O' extends through the head of the bolt O, so that they lie parallelly to each other.

P is the adjacent ring, which extends between the bolts O and O'. The end of the bolt O' is provided with a suitable nut o', and the end of the bolt O passes through an eye in the end of the rod n2, such eye being secured in position by a suitable pin o, passing through the end of the bolt O. It will thus be seen that the bolts O O are clamped securely on the ring P( fn* is an eye-rod extending through the bent ends of the bar n.

Q' is a triangularshaped rod having eyeshaped ends, one eye being on the rod and the other connected to the eye on the end of the rod n4.

Q is an L-shaped frame which is pivotally connected to the triangular rod Q', the rod extending through the lugs Q. Q' is a rod extending through one end of the L-shaped frame and about midway of the length of the other side.- Q' and connected `by the rod Q3 to the crossbar Q4 on the end of the spindle R, which extends through the sleeve lc and bevel-wheel K. There are two frames Q and their accompanying connections and rods Q3. The hanger Q2 in each frame is secured at right angles on the rod Q5, held in the bent ends of the bar Q6, which is secured t-o the arm m'.

Q7 i-s a rod extending through lugs Q8, forming part of the frame Q. The rod Q has an eye-shaped end.

S represents rods provided with eye-shaped ends connected to the eye-shaped ends of the rods Q7 of each frame Q (there being preferably two) and extending radially outwardly through the brackets 5, one only of which is shown. Both rods are provided with weights S', one only of which is shown. s is a collar on the rod, and s' is a spiral spring encircling the rod and extending between the collars and the bracket 5.

The end of the spindle R revolves in the fork 7', the pivot-pin r' of which extends through a slot tin the bell-crank T. The bellcrank T is pivoted in the fork T', secured to the frame F.

U is a double link connecting the lower end of the bell-crank T with the arm c at the top of the sleeve C.

I-Iaving now described the principal parts involved in my invention, I shall briefly describe the operation.

The normal position of the sail is of course with the face of the blade parallel to the axis of rotation, as indicated in the drawings. In

order to set the blades, it is necessary to push upon the rod E, thereby raising the sleeve C and tilting the bell-crank T on its pivot,so that the spindle R is drawn toward the vane, thus bringing the rods QB in the same direction and pushing upon the hanger Q2, thereby tilting theframe Q laterally and also partially lon- Q2 is a hanger secured on the rod gitudiually, so as to throw outwardly and toL ward the plane of the rim 2 the rod Q' and the bracket N, to which it is connected, as hereinbefore described, thus swinging the sails on their central pivots until the face of the sails occupy the usual inclined position. In this position of course the wind catches them and the wheel is caused to rotate. It is of course understood that each frame operates through its connections to the sails, which are extended, so as to grip the rim P by the bolts O and O' hereinbefore described,

so that all the sails will be moved by such adjacent rim. Such rim is loosely supported by the arms p upon the main hollow axle 7c, so that it may be'moved slightly for the purpose set forth. The construction of the frame Q,

`having practically a double pivot-that is, a

pivot by which it can be rocked longitudinally as well as laterallyis the great desideratum by which I am enabled to accomplish the result above referred to. Now it will be understood that when the wheel is rotating and there should be a variation in the the windfor instance, the wind should become greater than the springs s on the governor-rods S willstand-theu the weights S' by centrifugal force will cause the governor-rods S to move diametrically outwardly against the tension of the springs s', thereby pulling on the frames Q and tilting them longitudinally, so that the heavier the wind the greater would be the tilt of the frames outwardly, and consequently the edge of the sails would be brought more nearly into the Wind. This would of course result in reducing the speed of the wheel. The less the speed of the wheel the less would be the outward movement of the rods S and the tilting of theframes Q, and consequently the face of the sails would be turned more toward the face of the wind, thus tending to increase the speed of the wheel. It will' thus be seen that the governor-rods will regulate to a nicety the speed of the wheel, so that it will be practically uniform.

It will be noticed in the construction of my wheel that the sails are pivoted at the ends in the center, which is a strong point, as thereby an even pressure of wind on both sides of the pivot-pointis provided, allowing them to turn very easily to and from the wind. As the weights of the governor Iiy in and out according to the speed of the wheel, the spiral spring on the governor-rod will bring the weights back. The Wheel actually has the governor in itself, the weights on the outside of the wheel flying out quickly as the speed rises, acting at once on the sails, which turn with their edge to the wind when the speed is up, giving a slower angle to the sail and less sur.- face to the wind, and thus reducing the speed in two different ways and increasing in alike manner as they return.

When my windmill is running in a strong wind, it will automaticallyturn the sails, reducing the power and giving the wheels a rea- IOO IOS

IIO

sonable speed. When the power is needed below, it will at once turn the broad side of the sails to the wind until the needed power is given up to its full capacity, throwing away only such surplus power as cannot be used below.

Vhat I claim as my invention isl. In combination, theturn-table at the top of the standard, the rotating disk and sleeve, the shaft, the bevel-pinion, the hollow axle or sleeve, a bevel -wheel carried by said axle meshing with the bevel-pinion and suitably supported, the spindle extending through t-he hollow axle or sleeve, means connected to one end of the spindle for moving it longitudinally, the wheel, and sails suitably pivoted in the rims of the wheels, the cross-bar on the end of the spindle, the truncated hollow cone having' a suitable hub secured on the hollow1 axle or sleeve and provided with arms, the tilting frames, rods located intermediate of the length of said frames, hangers on such rods pivoted on brackets secured to the arms, the rods connecting such hangers to the crossbar on the end of the spindle, the triangularshaped rod and the adjusting' mechanism connected to the inner endof the sails and operated through the tilting frame as and for the purpose specified.

2. In combination, the turn-table at the top of the standard, the rotating disk and sleeve, the shaft, the bevel-pinion, the hollow axle or sleeve, a bevel-wheel carried by said axle meshing with the bevel-pinion and suitably supported, the spindle extending through the hollow axle or sleeve, means connected toone end of the spindle for moving it longitudinally, the wheel, sails suitably pivoted in the rims of the wheels, the cross-bar on the end ot the spindle, the truncated hollow cone having' a suitable hub secured on the hollow axle or sleeve armsextending from said cone the tilting frames, rods secured intermediate of the length of said frames, hangers on such rods brackets secured to the arms to which said hangers are pivoted, the rods connecting such hangers to the cross-bar on the end of the spindle, the triangular-shaped rod, the Z- shaped bracket secured to the inner end of the centrally-pivoted sails, the rod suitably journaled and connecting one end of said bracket to the triangular frame and the rod at the opposite end of said bracket connecting it to the rim, which is supported on suitable arms on the hollow sleeve or axle as and for the purpose specified.

8. The combination with the main spindle and cross-rod secured to the end of same and adjusting mechanism connected to such crossrod and operated thereby, of the wheel, sails pivoted centrally` between the rims of said wheel, the brackets secured to theinner ends of said sails and suitably connected to the adjusting mechanism, the rod journaled in the outer end of the bracket, the double bolts extending through each other and pivot-ally connected to the rod said bolts gripping the adj Listing-rim as and for the purpose specified.

4. The combination with the wheels and sails pivoted centrally'between the rims thereof, of the governor-rods provided with weighted ends, brackets guiding said rods secured to the wheel, a collar on each rod, spiral sprin gs encircling such rods between such collars and the brackets, the tilting frame, the rod held in same connected by an eye to the eye on the inner end of the governor-rods, the cross-rods upon which the frame is tilted in one way, the hangers on the cross-rods, the rods connecting the hangers to a cross-bar on the end of the main spindle, the pivotal rod for the hangers extending through the top thereof, the bars secured to the arms of the wheel having bent ends in which said pivotal rod is journaled, the triangular rod pivotally' connected to the tilting frame, the Z-shaped bracket connected to the sails, the rod connecting such bracket to the triangular rod and a suitable connection between the opposite end of the Z-shaped bracket and the adjusting-rim all arranged as and for the purpose specified.

^ JAMES CALDER.

lVitnesses:

B. BOYD, WALTER H. ARMs. 

